Digital Transformation of Health Services in Indonesia through the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Telemedicine: Systematic Literature Review-VOSviewer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62951/icistech.v5i1.280Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Data Privacy, Digital Transformation, TelemedicineAbstract
Indonesia's healthcare system continues to face significant challenges in delivering equitable services across diverse and remote regions. The digital transformation of healthcare—through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, and telemedicine—offers promising solutions to overcome disparities in access, infrastructure, and service delivery. This study aims to comprehensively analyze global and national research trends related to the digital transformation of healthcare using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, supported by bibliometric analysis through the VOSviewer software. Following the PRISMA protocol, a total of 30 relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 were identified and analyzed. The network and overlay visualizations generated reveal four major thematic clusters: digital transformation and service quality, big data and pandemic response, AI and data privacy, and community engagement in digital health services. Overlay visualization also shows a clear shift in research focus—from early pandemic responses toward system optimization, ethical governance, and technological inclusivity in recent years. The findings highlight that digital healthcare transformation has increasingly evolved from emergency responses to COVID-19 into a strategic framework for long-term system improvement. Moreover, AI and big data have played pivotal roles in enhancing diagnostics, predicting outbreaks, and improving resource allocation. However, concerns related to privacy, digital literacy, and unequal technological access remain prominent. The study concludes that the integration of AI, big data, and telemedicine not only enhances healthcare efficiency but also requires strong regulatory frameworks, infrastructure readiness, and public engagement. Future research should incorporate co-citation and cross-country comparative analyses to enrich the understanding of digital health transformation in a global context, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia.
References
S. Laksono and E. S. Darmawan, “The new leadership paradigm in digital health and its relations to hospital services,” Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 89–103, 2021.
D. N. Aisyah et al., “The use of digital technology for COVID-19 detection and response management in Indonesia: mixed methods study,” Interact J Med Res, vol. 12, no. 1, p. e41308, 2023.
S. Ahmadi and N. Wening, “The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Professionals in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review,” Journal of Social Science (JoSS), vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 204–213, 2025.
M. F. Abdillah, “Revolusi Digital Kesehatan: Meningkatkan Layanan Dengan Kecerdasan Buatan,” Journal of Syntax Literate, vol. 9, no. 10, 2024.
F. R. Adha, Y. Sahria, N. I. Febriarini, R. N. Fauziah, W. Sa’adah, and A. Hidayati, “Analisis Literatur Sistem Informasi Kesehatan (SIK): Tren, Tantangan, dan Manfaat dalam Peningkatan Pelayanan Kesehatan di Indonesia,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional UNIMUS, 2023.
M. Lukito and A. Gani, “Pelayanan Kesehatan Yang Efisien Dan Terjangkau Melalui Transformasi Kesehatan Digital Via Telemedicine Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Kesehatan: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 107–117, 2024.
V. R. Hensmit, W. E. Simanjuntak, P. Purwadhi, and Y. R. Widjaja, “Tinjauan Literatur: Telemedika Sebagai Strategi Pelayanan Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi dan Pasca Pandemi,” Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2297–2304, 2024.
B. D. Andae, D. Argie, M. Y. Viryadi, F. D. Pramesuari, and J. S. B. Tuda, “Telemedisin di Indonesia: Antara Regulasi dan Pelaksanaan,” Proceeding Masyarakat Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 82–89, 2024.
R. Roswita and N. Nurhayati, “Efektifitas Telenursing Dalam Pemantauan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Dengan Hipertensi: Literature Review,” Jurnal Skala Kesehatan, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 26–32, 2024.
BPPT, “Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia Tahun 2020-2045,” Jakarta, 2020.
D. K. Putra, “Pengembangan Aplikasi Berbasis Mobile untuk Peningkatan Layanan Kesehatan,” Circle Archive, vol. 1, no. 6, 2024.
H. Kusumo, D. Marlina, and A. Solechan, “Sustainable Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Challenges and Directions in the Society 5.0 Era,” Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 250113, 2025.
N. F. H. Mamesah, L. Andiansyah, and H. Yusuf, “Strategi Idi Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Di Era 5.0,” Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 684–694, 2025.
R. Sebastian, “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Telemedicine: Legal Considerations under Indonesian Health Laws,” Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 1558–1568, 2024.
A. A. Intani and F. Annisa, “Legal Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Technology Development in Healthcare Industry in Indonesia,” South-East Asian Journal of Advanced Law and Governance (SEAJ ALGOV), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2024.
R. Komalasari, “Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Buatan (Ai) Dalam Telemedicine: Dari Perspektif Profesional Kesehatan,” Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 72–81, 2022.
G. Widjaja, H. H. Sijabat, and H. Dhanudibroto, “Technology-Based Health Communication: Legal Regulation, Telemedicine Implementation, And Patient Data Protection In The Era Of Digital Transformation,” Jurnal Komunikasi, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 194–203, 2025.
K. A. Maspul and N. K. Putri, “Big Data and Predictive Analytics for Indonesia’s Economic Transformation and Digital Resilience,” Journal of Technology and System Information, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 22, 2025.
S. Primasatya, “Perlindungan Terhadap Perkembangan Layanan Kesehatan Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) Di Indonesia: Protection Regarding The Development Of Artificial Intelligence-Based Health Service Technology In Indonesia,” Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 78–93, 2024.
I. Santoso, R. Supriyadi, and W. Utami, “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Indonesia’s Digital Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities in 2024,” AlgoVista: Journal of AI and Computer Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2025.
H. V. Rerey, A. Y. Syauki, A. Waqqosh, E. K. S. Limijadi, and F. Ruhana, “Economic and management strategies for optimizing healthcare services: A case study on telemedicine in Indonesia,” Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, vol. 8, no. 3, 2023.
M. R. Fauzi, S. Saimi, and F. Fathoni, “Tantangan dan Solusi Administrasi Kesehatan di Era Digital (Tinjauan Literature Review atas Implementasi Teknologi),” AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584), vol. 5, no. 01, pp. 1093–1103, 2024.
Y. Yusriadi, R. Rusnaedi, N. A. Siregar, S. Megawati, and G. Sakkir, “Implementation of artificial intelligence in Indonesia,” International Journal of Data and Network Science, vol. 7, 2023.
M. Bartolini, E. Bottani, and E. H. Grosse, “Green warehousing: Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis,” J Clean Prod, vol. 226, pp. 242–258, 2019.
C. Huang, C. Yang, S. Wang, W. Wu, J. Su, and C. Liang, “Evolution of topics in education research: A systematic review using bibliometric analysis,” Educ Rev (Birm), vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 281–297, 2020.
M. J. Page et al., “The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews,” BMJ, p. n71, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
K. Dameria and O. Jane, “Konteks Transformasi Digital di Sektor Usaha Kesehatan,” AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Ekonomi & Bisnis, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 75–87, 2025.
F. I. S. Kusuma and S. Hermawan, “Examining on Indonesian Legal Challenges for Future Transnational Healthcare Service,” Sci Med (Phila), vol. 66, pp. 2145–2156, 2020.
B. Tutuko, S. Nurmaini, M. N. Rachmatullah, A. Darmawahyuni, and F. Firdaus, “A Deep Learning Approach to Integrate Medical Big Data for Improving Health Services in Indonesia.,” Computer Engineering & Applications Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020.
Y. S. Pongtambing and E. A. M. Sampetoding, “Transformasi digital pada layanan kesehatan berkelanjutan di Indonesia,” SainsTech Innovation Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 412–420, 2023.
A. A. Pitaloka and A. P. Nugroho, “Digital transformation in Indonesia health care services: social, ethical and legal issues,” J. STI Policy Manag, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 51–66, 2021.
E. Saragih, V. Paramarta, G. I. Thungari, B. Kalangi, and K. M. Putri, “Era Disrupsi Digital pada Perkembangan Teknologi di Indonesia,” Transformasi: Journal of Economics and Business Management, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 141–149, 2023.
E. B. Sutanto, T. L. P. I. Christyana, A. K. Mandagie, C. Tjitradinata, and H. E. Simanjuntak, “Erosi Ketimpangan Kesehatan Digital,” Praxis: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Masyarakat dan Jejaring, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 175–187, 2023.
R. P. A. Abdillah, H. Nabilah, and R. Wasir, “Teknologi dan inovasi dalam manajemen SDM kesehatan: Meningkatkan efisiensi melalui digital,” Indonesian Journal of Health Science, vol. 4, no. 6s, pp. 840–847, 2024.
K. E. T. Lobho, L. S. N. Tanu, H. Ika, D. Luni, and Y. I. Sula, “Peran Digitalisasi dalam Penanggulangan Stunting: Solusi Inovatif untuk Generasi Sehat,” Indonesian Research Journal on Education, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1152–1161, 2024.
H. N. Putra, B. N. Zani, D. M. Hasyim, and M. Muntasir, “e-Health and digital transformation in increasing accessibility of health services,” Journal of World Future Medicine, Health and Nursing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 119–132, 2024.
J. D. Gates, Y. Yulianti, and G. A. Pangilinan, “Big Data Analytics for Predictive Insights in Healthcare,” International Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (ITALIC), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 54–63, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.33050/italic.v3i1.622.
F. S. Santoso, P. A. Ramadhani, D. Amnamuchlisah, and S. H. Purba, “Transformasi Digital Dalam Sektor Kesehatan Kajian Literatur Untuk Mendukung Inovasi dan Efisiensi Layanan Kesehatan,” Cindoku: Jurnal Keperawatan dan Ilmu Kesehatan, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2025.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Proceeding of The International Conference of Inovation, Science, Technology, Education, Children, and Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
